As you probably already know, AdSense and other contextual advertisement operators, uses a bidding system together with the content of a page (there may be other factors as well) to determine which ads get displayed on a page. If you are looking to getting high paying ads on your page, you may want to prepare your posts with high paying keywords in mind. A well known high paying keyword is mesothelioma, so if you have much to write about, by all means write about mesothelioma. However, competition is expected to be stiff. How successful will the endeavour be will depend on how well you do the SEO (Search Engine Optimization), how stiff is the competition and also how often the keyword or phrase is searched for.
I myself have once received ~USD30 for 1 click. However, I have no means to detect which ad was clicked, and what keyword or key-phrase was used that caused the searcher to land on my site.
You can find some limited information on top paying keywords for free online (please note that the cost will vary with time and season) Examples are:
Free Top Paying Keywords
Highest Appreciating Keywords
VS Top Paying Words
Mike's Marketing Tools
ASP Web Development Affiliate Marketing
There are sites selling list of top paying keywords, but I myself will not purchase such a list as I wonder how can they have an accurate database if the bids for certain keywords changes with time and season.
Also, keywords that pay well are likely to attract lots of people trying to get ads triggered by these keywords, meaning competition will be stiff. Some people feel that time will be more profitably spent in writing good content. I myself is inclined to such opinion.